In winter 1942, Hans Scholl, his sister Sophie, and their friend Christoph Probst formed a small group known as the White Rose. Some of the first Germans to speak out against Nazi injustices were a group of students at the University of Munich. On March 16, he mentioned Auschwitz for the first time and described it as the “most dreadful concentration camp.” 2 By October he was referring to the camp as “a swift-working slaughterhouse.” 3 Klemperer learned of these Nazi abuses despite living in near isolation, thanks to restrictions that had cost him his job, many of his friends, and even his library card. As early as January, German Jewish professor Victor Klemperer was recording in his diary rumors of “evacuated Jews” being “shot in Riga, in groups,” 1 as they left the train. By 1942, people living in Germany were increasingly aware of the mass murders in places to the east.
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